| TECH INFO SHEET: SB-G100, ProGold TECH INFO |
ProGold
The Next Generation Contact Conditioner & Protector
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ProGold Conditioning Treatment outperforms
all other contact cleaners, enhancers and lubricants. Due to its unique
properties, it deoxidizes and cleans surface contamination, and penetrates
plated surfaces and molecularly bonds to the base metals - NO OTHER
PRODUCT DOES THIS. ProGold increases conductivity, contact surface
area and reduces arcing, RFI, wear, and abrasion (the major causes of
intermittent signals, distortion and signal loss).
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| Introduction |
Considering
the hundreds (if not thousands) of connections in electronic equipment
today, it is only a matter of time before they begin to fail (primarily
due to oxidation and corrosion).
Normally, we consider a connector to have failed when it interrupts or
degrades signal flow. If we consider a good connection, one with a reasonable
amount of metal-to-metal contact, then most untreated connections are
indeed substandard.
The mating surfaces of connectors are typically unable to crunch through
the nonconducting film of metal oxide that forms on them. Component and
equipment manufacturers are aware of these problems. Consequently, they
design into their switches and sockets a certain amount of wiping action
(a polite way of saying abrasive contact). Another popular countermeasure
is to carefully select materials to fit the intended application.
The problem with this approach is that the really good contact materials
(such as coin silver) deteriorate faster, while the most durable substances
(such as tungsten) have poor electrical characteristics. Sometimes, a
combination of materials such as gold over silver or copper is used, but
in time this combination also causes problems.
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ProGold - Definition |
ProGold
is specifically formulated to improve conductivity and provide long-lasting
protection on gold, precious metals and their base metals. It conditions
connectors, contacts, and other metal surfaces, thus enhancing the conductivity
characteristics to efficiently transmit electrical signals. ProGold
is the only product that will actually penetrate the plated surfaces
and molecularly bond to the base metals to seal & protect them (see
FIGURE 1).
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|
ProGold can be
used on all metal surfaces and is formulated to remove minor amounts of
oxidation caused by wear, abrasion or dendrite corrosion.

ProGold coats
the entire contact surface and connection, providing superior protection
from abrasion (insertion resistance), dendrite corrosion, arcing, RFI,
wear, and atmospheric contamination.
|
ProGold
is effective on stationary and moving contacts and connectors with
similar or dissimilar metals. When a treated and untreated connector
mate, ProGold migrates to coat both. When connectors separate, ProGold
recoats both exposed metal surfaces.
ProGold's superior
formula contains conditioners, deoxidizers, preservatives, conductivity
enhancers, arcing and RFI inhibitors and anti-tarnishing compounds.
These reduce intermittent connection problems and significantly increase
the quality and reliability of electrical components and equipment.
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|
Physical
& Chemical |
Physical
and chemical changes in surface conditions of electrical or electronic
connectors are a primary cause of degraded performance in components
and equipment.
When contact surfaces are exposed to dust, smoke, gases, soot, and
other solids suspended in the atmosphere, non-metallic films form,
inhibiting conductivity. Oxidation is the most common reaction causing
metal oxide formation. Salt-laden air in coastal areas corrodes most
metals, forming chloride films. Humidity, condensation, salts, sulfur,
and acid fumes are also common causes of rust, corrosion, and oxidation.
Added resistance and friction between metal surfaces can also cause
abrasion, noise, freeze-up, and in some cases, increased power consumption.
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| Plated Surfaces |
A common
problem
with plated surfaces, especially gold, is the "whiskering" (dendrite
corrosion) of base metals to the surface due to gold's soft and porous
nature.
Once exposed,
the base metals oxidize causing a "blistering" of the surfaces, adding
unwanted resistance that impedes electrical performance.
The contact surfaces are actually separated by this blister, thereby
reducing the effective contact area. Since goldplated surfaces
are thinly coated, they are susceptible to scratching and abrasion,
further exposing the base metals.
|

While the household
user of electrical and electronic equipment may be able to cope
with such problems for short periods of time, one can realize the
critical nature of even minor trouble in industrial, high-tech or
aerospace
applications.
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|

Contact
technology has improved with the advent of specialized alloys, bimetallic
contacts and innovative plating techniques. Whether contacts are
machined or plated, it is impossible to achieve a perfectly smooth
contact surface. They may appear smooth to the unaided eye, but
examined under a microscope the peaks and valleys on the surface
become evident.
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| Abrasion |
|

When the
contact surfaces are brought together, only the peaks are actually in
contact with the other surface, causing increased contact resistance,
higher operating temperatures, increased wear of the contacts, and further
exposure of base metals. This problem becomes more evident when contacts
are made of dissimilar metals.
A common
practice in the manufacture of contacts is to apply a thin layer
of expensive gold or silver onto a cheaper base metal, usually copper.
The softer metal gets worn away by the harder one and exposes the
base metal. The exposed surfaces then oxidize, increasing resistance
and reducing contact efficiency. In some cases this will actually
separate the contact surfaces.
|
| Arcing |
As
contacts open and close, an arc will occur between the high
and low points of the contact surfaces. This causes heat to
be generated and contaminants to react with the metal contacts,
creating an insulating, oxidized film. This film increases contact
resistance and generates more heat. Arcing also causes electrochemical
reactions in the air between the contact surfaces resulting
in nitric acid formation which can form a high resistance insulated
layer.
ProGold will fill the gaps in the contact surfaces to increase
the effective contact area and prevent current concentration
at surface peaks. The result is that current is distributed
more evenly across the contact surfaces.
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| Air Contamination |
Although
goldplated contacts do not oxidize, they are subject to other
contamination problems. Exposed metals tend to oxidize and corrode
due to the contaminants in the atmosphere, resulting in a very
high contact resistance. Tarnishing can also occur and is generally
present on contact surfaces.
These problems are common on many plated surfaces, especially
edge connectors, where the plating is generally very thin and
porous, vulnerable to moisture and metal salts. The corrosion
tends to separate the plated surface from the base metal. The
affected surfaces are easily worn or broken away, leaving holes
that invite further oxidation and corrosion. ProGold forms a
protective film over the entire contact surface, preventing
contaminants from coming in contact with the metal. Contaminants
that deposit on the surface will combine with ProGold to form
a thicker area of material that will be easily displaced as
the contact moves. These thicker areas will be pushed away leaving
a thin protective coating.
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| R.F. Interference, Distortion
& Signal Loss |
When
contacts are contaminated, they can act like an antenna and
become susceptible to RFI. When operated, they can cause RFI
as they vibrate or chatter through the contamination. ProGold
eliminates the contamination and improves the integrity and
conductivity of the connection preventing RFI, distortion and
signal loss.
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| How Does ProGold Actually
Work? |
|
Conduction
through a ProGold coated surface takes place in three ways.
First, ProGold
can be displaced by electrical arc, shock wave or simple mechanical
pressure and will redistribute itself along the surface when the
disturbance is removed.
Second,
a thin insulating film of ProGold can be dispersed by an electrical
field.
|

Unlike other products, ProGold provides long-lasting protection
(1-10 years) and will not gum-up, evaporate, varnish, char or
breakdown.
|
Finally,
conduction takes place through very thin films of ProGold by
means of a quantum-mechanical phenomenon called tunneling.
To avoid detouring into a discussion in physics, simply
stated, electrons travel from one side of a thin film of ProGold
to the other without passing through (this is the same effect
that gave the tunnel diode its name). ProGold fills the gaps
in the contact surfaces, increasing the surface area and current
flow (conductivity). ProGold penetrates the plated surface and
molecularly bonds to the base metal to seal and protect it.
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| Unlimited Uses for ProGold
|
ProGold is
ideal for use on gold, precious metal surfaces, plated contacts
and connectors, edge connectors, IC's & sockets, connectors,
contacts, plugs & sockets, relays, circuit boards (for storage),
stationary/moving connections, and similar/dissimilar metals.
Use ProGold to improve and maintain the performance &
reliability of all electrical components & equipment.
|
NOTE:
All
information and data contained in this literature we believe
to be accurate; however, it should not be taken as definitive
for all users. Users should thoroughly test advertised products
in their applications, and independently conclude satisfactory
results before use in large scale production or manufacturing
processes.
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ADDITIONAL INFO IS ALSO AVAILABLE DIRECTLY
FROM CAIG LAB'S WEB SITE LINK BELOW
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CAIG Laboratories, Inc.
12200 Thatcher Court, Poway, CA 92064-6876
Voice: 858/486-8388 FAX: 858/486-8398
E-mail: caig123@aol.com
URL: http://www.caig.com
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